Surfactants, or surface-active agents, are critical components in oilfield chemistry, serving multiple roles in enhancing hydrocarbon recovery and processing. In primary and secondary recovery, residual oil remains trapped in porous media due to capillary forces. Tertiary recovery, or EOR, aims to mobilize this trapped oil by altering the interfacial properties. Oilfield surfactants achieve this by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water, making it easier to displace oil through the reservoir. They also modify the wettability of rock surfaces, making them more water-wet, which enhances oil flow. Furthermore, surfactants facilitate the formation of stable emulsions that can be used to transport viscous heavy oils or, conversely, break emulsions during processing.