Cationic polymers are positively charged macromolecules that play a pivotal role in modern water and wastewater treatment. Their primary function is to neutralize the negative charges of suspended particles, colloids, and dissolved organic matter, facilitating aggregation and subsequent removal through sedimentation, filtration, or flotation. In applications such as sludge dewatering, cationic polymers condition the sludge to release bound water, significantly increasing the efficiency of mechanical dewatering equipment like centrifuges and filter presses. This not only reduces the volume of waste for disposal but also lowers transportation and landfill costs.In the pulp and paper industry, cationic polymers serve as retention aids, drainage aids, and dry-strength agents. They improve the retention of fine fibers and fillers on the paper sheet, enhance water drainage during forming, and contribute to the paper’s strength, thus boosting productivity and quality.